div classBodysc17zpet90 cdBBJodivpDUBAI Reuters – United Arab Emirates strongman Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed alNahyan, who was formally elected president on Saturday, led a realignment of the Middle East that created a new antiIran axis with Israel and fought a rising tide of political Islam in the region.p
pWorking behind the scenes for years as de facto leader, Sheikh Mohammed, 61, transformed the UAE military into a hightech force, which coupled with its oil wealth and business hub status, extended Emirati influence internationally. pdivdivdiv classBodysc17zpet90 cdBBJodiv
pMohammed began wielding power in a period when his halfbrother President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed, who died on Friday, suffered bouts of illness, including a stroke in 2014.p
pMbZ, as he is known, was driven by a “certain fatalistic line of thinking” that Gulf Arab rulers could no longer rely on their main supporter the United States, according to former U.S. envoy to the UAE Barbara Leaf, especially after Washington abandoned Egypts Hosni Mubarak during the 2011 Arab Spring.p
pFrom his power base in the capital Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Mohammed issued a “calm and cold” warning to thenPresident Barack Obama not to back uprisings that could spread and endanger Gulf dynastic rule, according to Obamas memoir, which described MbZ as the “savviest” Gulf leader.p
pA U.S. State Department official serving in the Biden administration, which has had fraught ties with the UAE in recent months, described him as a strategist who brings historical perspective to discussions. p
p“He will talk not only about the present, but go back years, decades, in some cases, speaking to trends over time,” the official said.p
pMbZ backed the 2013 military ousting of Egypt‘s elected Muslim Brotherhood president Mohammed Mursi, and championed Saudi Arabia’s Prince Mohammed bin Salman as he rose to power in a 2017 palace coup, touting him as a man Washington could deal with and the only one able to open up the kingdom.p
pEncouraged by warm ties with the then U.S. President Donald Trump, the two Gulf hawks lobbied for Washington‘s maximum pressure campaign on Iran, boycotted neighbouring Qatar for supporting the Muslim Brotherhood, and launched a costly war to try to break the grip of Yemen’s Iranaligned Houthis.p
pThe UAE also waded into conflicts from Somalia to Libya and Sudan before upending decades of Arab consensus by forging ties with Israel in 2020, along with Bahrain, in U.S.brokered deals known as the Abraham Accords that drew Palestinian ire.p
pThe accords were driven by shared concerns over Iran but also perceived benefits to the UAE economy and fatigue with a Palestinian leadership “that doesnt listen”, said one diplomat.p
pTACTICAL THINKERp
pWhile diplomats and analysts see the alliance with Riyadh and Washington as a pillar of UAE strategy, MbZ has not hesitated to move independently when interests or economic reasons dictate.p
pThe Ukraine crisis exposed strains with Washington when the UAE abstained from a U.N. Security Council vote condemning Russias invasion. As an OPEC producer, along with oil titan Riyadh, the UAE also rebuffed Western calls to pump more.p
pAbu Dhabi has ignored other U.S. concerns by arming and backing Libya‘s Khalifa Hafter against the internationally recognised government and engaging with Syria’s Bashar alAssad.p
pWith Riyadh, the biggest divergence came when the UAE largely withdrew from Yemen as the unpopular war, in which more than 100 Emiratis died, got mired in military stalemate.p
pWhen Sudans President Omar Hassan alBashir reneged on a promise to abandon Islamist allies, Abu Dhabi orchestrated the 2019 coup against him.p
pSTABILITY FOREMOSTp
pAlthough he says he was attracted to their Islamist ideology in his youth, MbZ has framed the Muslim Brotherhood as one of the gravest threats to stability in the Middle East.p
pLike Saudi Arabia, the UAE accuses the Brotherhood of betrayal after it sheltered members persecuted in Egypt in the 1960s, only to see them work for change in their host countries.p
p“I am an Arab, I am a Muslim, and I pray. And in the 1970s and early 1980s I was one of them. I believe these guys have an agenda,” MbZ said in a 2007 meeting with U.S. officials, according to Wikileaks.p
pEducated in the UAE and the military officer‘s college at Sandhurst in Britain, Sheikh Mohammed’s mistrust of Islamists heightened after 2001, when two of his countrymen were among the 19 hijackers in the Sept. 11 attacks on the United States.p
p“He looked around and saw that many of the younger generation in the region were very attracted to Osama bin Laden‘s antiWestern mantra,” another diplomat said. “As he once said to me: ’If they can do it to you, they can do it to us.”p
pDespite years of enmity, MbZ chose to engage with Iran and Turkey as COVID19 and rising economic competition with Saudi Arabia turned focus to development, pushing the UAE towards further liberalisation while keeping a lid on political dissent.p
pSeen as a moderniser at home and a charismatic people‘s man by many diplomats, MbZ doggedly promoted the previously lowprofile Abu Dhabi, which holds the UAE’s oil wealth, by spurring development in energy, infrastructure and technology. p
pAs deputy supreme commander of armed forces he was credited with turning the UAE military into one of the most effective in the Arab world, according to experts who say he instituted military service to instil nationalism rather than entitlement among an affluent population.p
p“He doesn‘t beat around the bush … he wants to know what isn’t working well, not just whats working,” said a source with access to Sheikh Mohammed.p
p
pp Reporting by Dubai bureau Writing by Ghaida Ghantous Editing by William Maclean and Dominic Evans and Jon Boylep
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